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VĀLMĪKI RĀMĀYAṆA · CHAPTER 57
सुन्दरकाण्डम् · सर्गः 57
Hanuman crosses the ocean again and rejoins the waiting search party. His brief announcement that Sita has been seen transforms their anxiety into joy.
An edition-specific reading with original English meanings. Source & reading notes
SCENE 01 · VERSES 1–53
The companions recognize success in Hanuman’s voice and gather around him to listen.
आप्लुत्य च महावेगः पक्षवानिव पर्वतः ।
āplutya ca mahāvegaḥ pakṣavāniva parvataḥ |
Leaping with tremendous speed like a winged mountain,
भुजङ्गयक्षगन्धर्वप्रबुद्धकमलोत्पलम् ॥
bhujaṅgayakṣagandharvaprabuddhakamalotpalam ||
Hanuman entered the sky-ocean whose open lotuses were serpents, yakshas and gandharvas—
स चन्द्रकुमुदं रम्यं सार्ककारण्डवं शुभम् ।
sa candrakumudaṃ ramyaṃ sārkakāraṇḍavaṃ śubham |
whose lovely water-lily was the Moon and whose waterbird was the Sun,
तिष्यश्रवणकादम्बमभ्रशैवलशाद्वलम् ॥
tiṣyaśravaṇakādambamabhraśaivalaśādvalam ||
whose kadamba birds were Tishya and Shravana, and whose weed-covered meadows were clouds—
पुनर्वसुमहामीनं लोहिताङ्गमहाग्रहम् ।
punarvasumahāmīnaṃ lohitāṅgamahāgraham |
whose great fish was Punarvasu and whose mighty sea-creature was red Mars,
ऐरावतमहाद्वीपं स्वातीहंसविलासितम् ॥
airāvatamahādvīpaṃ svātīhaṃsavilāsitam ||
whose great island was Airavata and whose graceful swan was Svati—
वातसंघातजालोर्मिचन्द्रांशुशिशिराम्बुमत् ।
vātasaṃghātajālormicandrāṃśuśiśirāmbumat |
whose waves were masses of wind and whose cool water was moonlight.
हनूमानपरिश्रान्तः पुप्लुवे गगनार्णवम् ॥
hanūmānapariśrāntaḥ pupluve gaganārṇavam ||
Unwearied, Hanuman crossed this ocean of the sky.
ग्रसमान इवाकाशं ताराधिपमिवोल्लिखन् ।
grasamāna ivākāśaṃ tārādhipamivollikhan |
He seemed to swallow the sky and brush the lord of stars,
हरन्निव सनक्षत्रं गगनं सार्कमण्डलम् ॥
haranniva sanakṣatraṃ gaganaṃ sārkamaṇḍalam ||
carrying away the heavens with their stars and the Sun's disk.
अपारमपरिश्रान्तश्चाम्बुधिं समगाहत ।
apāramapariśrāntaścāmbudhiṃ samagāhata |
Unwearied, he entered the boundless ocean-space;
हनूमान् मेघजालानि विकर्षन्निव गच्छति ॥
hanūmān meghajālāni vikarṣanniva gacchati ||
as Hanuman travelled, he seemed to drag the clouds apart.
पाण्डुरारुणवर्णानि नीलमाञ्जिष्ठकानि च ।
pāṇḍurāruṇavarṇāni nīlamāñjiṣṭhakāni ca |
Great clouds shone white and red, blue and madder-coloured,
हरितारुणवर्णानि महाभ्राणि चकाशिरे ॥
haritāruṇavarṇāni mahābhrāṇi cakāśire ||
and in shades of green and crimson.
प्रविशन्नभ्रजालानि निष्क्रमंश्च पुनः पुनः ।
praviśannabhrajālāni niṣkramaṃśca punaḥ punaḥ |
Entering banks of clouds and emerging again and again,
प्रकाशश्चाप्रकाशश्च चन्द्रमा इव दृश्यते ॥
prakāśaścāprakāśaśca candramā iva dṛśyate ||
he appeared and disappeared like the Moon.
विविधाभ्रघनापन्नगोचरो धवलाम्बरः ।
vividhābhraghanāpannagocaro dhavalāmbaraḥ |
Moving among varied dense clouds beneath a pale sky,
दृश्यादृश्यतनुर्वीरस्तथा चन्द्रायतेऽम्बरे ॥
dṛśyādṛśyatanurvīrastathā candrāyate’mbare ||
his form visible and invisible by turns, the hero seemed like the Moon.
तार्क्ष््यायमाणो गगने स बभौ वायुनन्दनः ।
tārkṣ्yāyamāṇo gagane sa babhau vāyunandanaḥ |
The Wind's son shone like Garuda in the sky,
दारयन् मेघवृन्दानि निष्पतंश्च पुनः पुनः ॥
dārayan meghavṛndāni niṣpataṃśca punaḥ punaḥ ||
tearing through masses of clouds and emerging repeatedly.
नदन् नादेन महता मेघस्वनमहास्वनः ।
nadan nādena mahatā meghasvanamahāsvanaḥ |
Roaring with a mighty, thunderous sound,
प्रवरान् राक्षसान् हत्वा नाम विश्राव्य चात्मनः ॥
pravarān rākṣasān hatvā nāma viśrāvya cātmanaḥ ||
having slain foremost rakshasas and made his name known—
आकुलां नगरीं कृत्वा व्यथयित्वा च रावणम् ।
ākulāṃ nagarīṃ kṛtvā vyathayitvā ca rāvaṇam |
thrown the city into confusion, distressed Ravana,
अर्दयित्वा महावीरान् वैदेहीमभिवाद्य च ॥
ardayitvā mahāvīrān vaidehīmabhivādya ca ||
overcome great warriors and saluted Vaidehi—
आजगाम महातेजाः पुनर्मध्येन सागरम् ।
ājagāma mahātejāḥ punarmadhyena sāgaram |
the radiant hero returned across the ocean,
पर्वतेन्द्रं सुनाभं च समुपस्पृश्य वीर्यवान् ॥
parvatendraṃ sunābhaṃ ca samupaspṛśya vīryavān ||
gently touching the excellent golden-peaked mountain on his way.
ज्यामुक्त इव नाराचो महावेगोऽभ्युपागमत् ।
jyāmukta iva nārāco mahāvego’bhyupāgamat |
He came with great speed like an arrow released from a bowstring.
स किंचिदारात् सम्प्राप्तः समालोक्य महागिरिम् ॥
sa kiṃcidārāt samprāptaḥ samālokya mahāgirim ||
When still some distance away, he saw the great mountain—
महेन्द्रं मेघसंकाशं ननाद स महाकपिः ।
mahendraṃ meghasaṃkāśaṃ nanāda sa mahākapiḥ |
cloudlike Mahendra, and the great vanara roared.
स पूरयामास कपिर्दिशो दश समन्ततः ॥
sa pūrayāmāsa kapirdiśo daśa samantataḥ ||
His cry filled all ten directions around him.
नदन् नादेन महता मेघस्वनमहास्वनः ।
nadan nādena mahatā meghasvanamahāsvanaḥ |
Roaring mightily with a sound like thunder,
स तं देशमनुप्राप्तः सुहृद्दर्शनलालसः ॥
sa taṃ deśamanuprāptaḥ suhṛddarśanalālasaḥ ||
he neared that place, longing to see his friends.
ननाद सुमहानादं लाङ्गूलं चाप्यकम्पयत् ।
nanāda sumahānādaṃ lāṅgūlaṃ cāpyakampayat |
He gave a tremendous roar and shook his tail.
तस्य नानद्यमानस्य सुपर्णाचरिते पथि ॥
tasya nānadyamānasya suparṇācarite pathi ||
As his call rang along the path travelled by Garuda—
फलतीवास्य घोषेण गगनं सार्कमण्डलम् ।
phalatīvāsya ghoṣeṇa gaganaṃ sārkamaṇḍalam |
the sky and the Sun's disk seemed to split with the sound.
ये तु तत्रोत्तरे कूले समुद्रस्य महाबलाः ॥
ye tu tatrottare kūle samudrasya mahābalāḥ ||
On the northern shore of the ocean were the mighty ones—
पूर्वं संविष्ठिताः शूरा वायुपुत्रदिदृक्षवः ।
pūrvaṃ saṃviṣṭhitāḥ śūrā vāyuputradidṛkṣavaḥ |
the heroes who had gathered earlier, longing to see the Wind's son.
महतो वायुनुन्नस्य तोयदस्येव निःस्वनम् ।
mahato vāyununnasya toyadasyeva niḥsvanam |
Like the rumble of a great cloud driven by wind,
शुश्रुवुस्ते तदा घोषमूरुवेगं हनूमतः ॥
śuśruvuste tadā ghoṣamūruvegaṃ hanūmataḥ ||
they heard Hanuman's cry and the rush of his powerful flight.
ते दीनमनसः सर्वे शुश्रुवुः काननौकसः ।
te dīnamanasaḥ sarve śuśruvuḥ kānanaukasaḥ |
All those forest-dwellers, whose hearts had been downcast,
वानरेन्द्रस्य निर्घोषं पर्जन्यनिनदोपमम् ॥
vānarendrasya nirghoṣaṃ parjanyaninadopamam ||
heard the vanara leader's roar like the sound of a rain cloud.
निशम्य नदतो नादं वानरास्ते समन्ततः ।
niśamya nadato nādaṃ vānarāste samantataḥ |
Hearing his roar all around, the vanaras
बभूवुरुत्सुकाः सर्वे सुहृद्दर्शनकाङ्क्षिणः ॥
babhūvurutsukāḥ sarve suhṛddarśanakāṅkṣiṇaḥ ||
became eager and longed to see their friend.
जाम्बवान् स हरिश्रेष्ठः प्रीतिसंहृष्टमानसः ।
jāmbavān sa hariśreṣṭhaḥ prītisaṃhṛṣṭamānasaḥ |
Jambavan, that excellent leader, his heart thrilled with delight,
उपामन्त्र्य हरीन् सर्वानिदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥
upāmantrya harīn sarvānidaṃ vacanamabravīt ||
addressed all the vanaras in these words.
सर्वथा कृतकार्योऽसौ हनूमान् नात्र संशयः ।
sarvathā kṛtakāryo’sau hanūmān nātra saṃśayaḥ |
'Hanuman has certainly completed his task; there is no doubt.
न ह्यस्याकृतकार्यस्य नाद एवंविधो भवेत् ॥
na hyasyākṛtakāryasya nāda evaṃvidho bhavet ||
His roar would not sound like this if he had failed.'
तस्य बाहूरुवेगं च निनादं च महात्मनः ।
tasya bāhūruvegaṃ ca ninādaṃ ca mahātmanaḥ |
Hearing the rush of his arms and thighs and his mighty roar,
निशम्य हरयो हृष्टाः समुत्पेतुर्यतस्ततः ॥
niśamya harayo hṛṣṭāḥ samutpeturyatastataḥ ||
the vanaras joyfully sprang up here and there.
ते नगाग्रान्नगाग्राणि शिखराच्छिखराणि च ।
te nagāgrānnagāgrāṇi śikharācchikharāṇi ca |
From tree-top to tree-top and peak to peak
प्रहृष्टाः समपद्यन्त हनूमन्तं दिदृक्षवः ॥
prahṛṣṭāḥ samapadyanta hanūmantaṃ didṛkṣavaḥ ||
they moved in delight, eager to see Hanuman.
ते प्रीताः पादपाग्रेषु गृह्य शाखामवस्थिताः ।
te prītāḥ pādapāgreṣu gṛhya śākhāmavasthitāḥ |
Joyful vanaras stood upon trees, holding their branches,
वासांसि च प्रकाशानि समाविध्यन्त वानराः ॥
vāsāṃsi ca prakāśāni samāvidhyanta vānarāḥ ||
and waved bright garments.
गिरिगह्वरसंलीनो यथा गर्जति मारुतः ।
girigahvarasaṃlīno yathā garjati mārutaḥ |
Like wind roaring within mountain caves,
एवं जगर्ज बलवान् हनूमान् मारुतात्मजः ॥
evaṃ jagarja balavān hanūmān mārutātmajaḥ ||
mighty Hanuman, the Wind's son, roared.
तमभ्रघनसंकाशमापतन्तं महाकपिम् ।
tamabhraghanasaṃkāśamāpatantaṃ mahākapim |
Seeing the great vanara approaching like a dense cloud,
दृष्ट्वा ते वानराः सर्वे तस्थुः प्राञ्जलयस्तदा ॥
dṛṣṭvā te vānarāḥ sarve tasthuḥ prāñjalayastadā ||
all the vanaras stood with folded hands.
ततस्तु वेगवान् वीरो गिरेर्गिरिनिभः कपिः ।
tatastu vegavān vīro girergirinibhaḥ kapiḥ |
Then the swift mountainlike hero
निपपात गिरेस्तस्य शिखरे पादपाकुले ॥
nipapāta girestasya śikhare pādapākule ||
descended upon that mountain's tree-covered summit.
हर्षेणापूर्यमाणोऽसौ रम्ये पर्वतनिर्झरे ।
harṣeṇāpūryamāṇo’sau ramye parvatanirjhare |
Filled with joy, he came down beside a lovely mountain stream,
छिन्नपक्ष इवाकाशात् पपात धरणीधरः ॥
chinnapakṣa ivākāśāt papāta dharaṇīdharaḥ ||
like a mountain falling from the sky after losing its wings.
ततस्ते प्रीतमनसः सर्वे वानरपुङ्गवाः ।
tataste prītamanasaḥ sarve vānarapuṅgavāḥ |
All the foremost vanaras, delighted at heart,
हनूमन्तं महात्मानं परिवार्योपतस्थिरे ॥
hanūmantaṃ mahātmānaṃ parivāryopatasthire ||
gathered around the great Hanuman.
परिवार्य च ते सर्वे परां प्रीतिमुपागताः ।
parivārya ca te sarve parāṃ prītimupāgatāḥ |
Encircling him with the greatest joy,
प्रहृष्टवदनाः सर्वे तमागतमुपागमन् ॥
prahṛṣṭavadanāḥ sarve tamāgatamupāgaman ||
they approached his arrival with beaming faces.
उपायनानि चादाय मूलानि च फलानि च ।
upāyanāni cādāya mūlāni ca phalāni ca |
Bringing gifts of roots and fruits,
प्रत्यर्चयन् हरिश्रेष्ठं हरयो मारुतात्मजम् ॥
pratyarcayan hariśreṣṭhaṃ harayo mārutātmajam ||
the vanaras honoured the Wind's son, foremost among them.
विनेदुर्मुदिताः केचित् केचित् किलकिलां तथा ।
vinedurmuditāḥ kecit kecit kilakilāṃ tathā |
Some cried out joyfully, others chattered with delight;
हृष्टाः पादपशाखाश्च आनिन्युर्वानरर्षभाः ॥
hṛṣṭāḥ pādapaśākhāśca āninyurvānararṣabhāḥ ||
the happy vanara chiefs brought branches of trees.
हनूमांस्तु गुरून् वृद्धाञ्जाम्बवत्प्रमुखांस्तदा ।
hanūmāṃstu gurūn vṛddhāñjāmbavatpramukhāṃstadā |
The great Hanuman bowed to the honoured elders,
कुमारमङ्गदं चैव सोऽवन्दत महाकपिः ॥
kumāramaṅgadaṃ caiva so’vandata mahākapiḥ ||
beginning with Jambavan, and to Prince Angada.
स ताभ्यां पूजितः पूज्यः कपिभिश्च प्रसादितः ।
sa tābhyāṃ pūjitaḥ pūjyaḥ kapibhiśca prasāditaḥ |
Honoured by those two and welcomed by the vanaras,
दृष्टा देवीति विक्रान्तः संक्षेपेण न्यवेदयत् ॥
dṛṣṭā devīti vikrāntaḥ saṃkṣepeṇa nyavedayat ||
the valiant one briefly announced, 'The lady has been seen.'
निषसाद च हस्तेन गृहीत्वा वालिनः सुतम् ।
niṣasāda ca hastena gṛhītvā vālinaḥ sutam |
Taking Vali's son by the hand, he sat down
रमणीये वनोद्देशे महेन्द्रस्य गिरेस्तदा ॥
ramaṇīye vanoddeśe mahendrasya girestadā ||
in a lovely wooded place upon Mount Mahendra.
हनूमानब्रवीत् पृष्टस्तदा तान् वानरर्षभान् ।
hanūmānabravīt pṛṣṭastadā tān vānararṣabhān |
When questioned, Hanuman told the foremost vanaras,
अशोकवनिकासंस्था दृष्टा सा जनकात्मजा ॥
aśokavanikāsaṃsthā dṛṣṭā sā janakātmajā ||
'I saw Janaka's daughter in the Ashoka grove.
रक्ष्यमाणा सुघोराभी राक्षसीभिरनिन्दिता ।
rakṣyamāṇā sughorābhī rākṣasībhiraninditā |
The blameless young lady is guarded by terrible rakshasis;
एकवेणीधरा बाला रामदर्शनलालसा ॥
ekaveṇīdharā bālā rāmadarśanalālasā ||
wearing her hair in a single braid, she longs to see Rama.
उपवासपरिश्रान्ता मलिना जटिला कृशा ।
upavāsapariśrāntā malinā jaṭilā kṛśā |
Fasting has exhausted her; she is soiled, dishevelled and thin.'
ततो दृष्टेति वचनं महार्थममृतोपमम् ॥
tato dṛṣṭeti vacanaṃ mahārthamamṛtopamam ||
Those weighty, nectar-like words, 'She has been seen'—
निशम्य मारुतेः सर्वे मुदिता वानराभवन् ।
niśamya māruteḥ sarve muditā vānarābhavan |
filled all the vanaras with joy when they heard them from the Wind's son.
क्ष्वेडन्त्यन्ये नदन्त्यन्ये गर्जन्त्यन्ये महाबलाः ॥
kṣveḍantyanye nadantyanye garjantyanye mahābalāḥ ||
Some whistled, some shouted, and other mighty ones roared.
चक्रुः किलकिलामन्ये प्रतिगर्जन्ति चापरे ।
cakruḥ kilakilāmanye pratigarjanti cāpare |
Some chattered in joy while others answered with roars;
केचिदुच्छ्रितलाङ्गूलाः प्रहृष्टाः कपिकुञ्जराः ॥
keciducchritalāṅgūlāḥ prahṛṣṭāḥ kapikuñjarāḥ ||
some happy foremost vanaras raised their tails—
आयताञ्चितदीर्घाणि लाङ्गूलानि प्रविव्यधुः ।
āyatāñcitadīrghāṇi lāṅgūlāni pravivyadhuḥ |
and waved their long, curved, uplifted tails.
अपरे तु हनूमन्तं श्रीमन्तं वानरोत्तमम् ॥
apare tu hanūmantaṃ śrīmantaṃ vānarottamam ||
Others approached the glorious foremost vanara Hanuman—
आप्लुत्य गिरिशृङ्गेषु संस्पृशन्ति स्म हर्षिताः ।
āplutya giriśṛṅgeṣu saṃspṛśanti sma harṣitāḥ |
leaping upon mountain peaks and touching him with delight.
उक्तवाक्यं हनूमन्तमङ्गदस्तु तदाब्रवीत् ॥
uktavākyaṃ hanūmantamaṅgadastu tadābravīt ||
Then Angada spoke to Hanuman after his report—
सर्वेषां हरिवीराणां मध्ये वाचमनुत्तमाम् ।
sarveṣāṃ harivīrāṇāṃ madhye vācamanuttamām |
with excellent words before all the vanara heroes:
सत्त्वे वीर्ये न ते कश्चित् समो वानर विद्यते ॥
sattve vīrye na te kaścit samo vānara vidyate ||
'No vanara equals you in resolve and prowess.
यदवप्लुत्य विस्तीर्णं सागरं पुनरागतः ।
yadavaplutya vistīrṇaṃ sāgaraṃ punarāgataḥ |
You crossed the wide ocean and returned;
जीवितस्य प्रदाता नस्त्वमेको वानरोत्तम ॥
jīvitasya pradātā nastvameko vānarottama ||
foremost vanara, you alone have restored our lives.
त्वत्प्रसादात् समेष्यामः सिद्धार्था राघवेण ह ।
tvatprasādāt sameṣyāmaḥ siddhārthā rāghaveṇa ha |
Through your favour we shall meet Raghava with our task fulfilled.
अहो स्वामिनि ते भक्तिरहो वीर्यमहो धृतिः ॥
aho svāmini te bhaktiraho vīryamaho dhṛtiḥ ||
What devotion to your lord, what courage, what steadfastness!
दिष्ट्या दृष्टा त्वया देवी रामपत्नी यशस्विनी ।
diṣṭyā dṛṣṭā tvayā devī rāmapatnī yaśasvinī |
By good fortune you have seen the glorious lady, Rama's wife.
दिष्ट्या त्यक्ष्यति काकुत्स्थः शोकं सीतावियोगजम् ॥
diṣṭyā tyakṣyati kākutsthaḥ śokaṃ sītāviyogajam ||
By good fortune Kakutstha will cast off the grief of separation from Sita.'
ततोऽङ्गदं हनूमन्तं जाम्बवन्तं च वानराः ।
tato’ṅgadaṃ hanūmantaṃ jāmbavantaṃ ca vānarāḥ |
Then the delighted vanaras gathered around Angada,
परिवार्य प्रमुदिता भेजिरे विपुलाः शिलाः ॥
parivārya pramuditā bhejire vipulāḥ śilāḥ ||
Hanuman and Jambavan and settled upon broad rocks.
उपविष्टा गिरेस्तस्य शिलासु विपुलासु ते ।
upaviṣṭā girestasya śilāsu vipulāsu te |
Sitting upon the mountain's wide rocks, those foremost vanaras
श्रोतुकामाः समुद्रस्य लङ्घनं वानरोत्तमाः ॥
śrotukāmāḥ samudrasya laṅghanaṃ vānarottamāḥ ||
wished to hear about the crossing of the ocean—
दर्शनं चापि लङ्कायाः सीताया रावणस्य च ।
darśanaṃ cāpi laṅkāyāḥ sītāyā rāvaṇasya ca |
and the sight of Lanka, Sita and Ravana;
तस्थुः प्राञ्जलयः सर्वे हनूमद्वदनोन्मुखाः ॥
tasthuḥ prāñjalayaḥ sarve hanūmadvadanonmukhāḥ ||
all faced Hanuman with folded hands.
तस्थौ तत्राङ्गदः श्रीमान् वानरैर्बहुभिर्वृतः ।
tasthau tatrāṅgadaḥ śrīmān vānarairbahubhirvṛtaḥ |
Glorious Angada sat there surrounded by many vanaras,
उपास्यमानो विबुधैर्दिवि देवपतिर्यथा ॥
upāsyamāno vibudhairdivi devapatiryathā ||
like the king of gods attended by the wise in heaven.
हनूमता कीर्तिमता यशस्विना
hanūmatā kīrtimatā yaśasvinā
With famous, renowned Hanuman
तथाङ्गदेनाङ्गदनद्धबाहुना ।
tathāṅgadenāṅgadanaddhabāhunā |
and Angada, whose arms were bound with armlets,
मुदा तदाध्यासितमुन्नतं मह-
mudā tadādhyāsitamunnataṃ maha-
joyfully seated upon it,
न्महीधराग्रं ज्वलितं श्रियाभवत् ॥
nmahīdharāgraṃ jvalitaṃ śriyābhavat ||
the great mountain summit blazed with splendour.
CHAPTER 57 COMPLETE
Hanuman is reunited with Angada, Jambavan and the searchers, who are ready to hear his full account.
Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Sundara Kanda, chapter 57. This reading follows Sanskrit Wikisource revision 355265, with all 53 numbered verses. Verse divisions and wording vary between editions.
The Sanskrit is preserved with normalized display spacing and line breaks. Some sentences continue across verse boundaries; the English follows that continuity. A yojana is a traditional distance unit, retained without assigning a modern measurement. Shape-changing and celestial beings belong to the epic’s sacred narrative.
English line senses and short meanings are original AI-assisted DHIH renderings checked against this Sanskrit reading; they are not a word-for-word grammatical commentary or a claim of human scholarly certification. Roman transliteration is generated mechanically in IAST. Names may also appear in familiar English spellings.
Sanskrit transcription credit: Wikisource contributors, revision history. The adapted reading text and DHIH English on this chapter page are offered under CC BY-SA 4.0. The ancient Sanskrit work is in the public domain. Illustrations are separately commissioned AI-generated DHIH artwork.
Historical comparison: M. N. Dutt’s Ramayana, volume II, a public-domain translation, was consulted for narrative context. The English displayed here is a fresh rendering of the pinned Sanskrit, not a reproduction of that translation.
The sky-as-ocean imagery and extraordinary flight belong to the epic’s poetic world. The chapter also recalls Sita’s suffering in captivity. Audio will be added only when suitable recording permissions are available.